Thursday, September 23, 2021
Sometimes you don't want to do everything with the root account. So there are some super users who you trust as administrators. For those users you want them to be able to run the sudo command. A sudo command allows a user to run commands with root privileges without logging in as root.
For example something like this sudo yum update unlike the su command which prompts you for the root password. The sudo command prompts you for the password of the logged in user.
In order for the sudo to work we have to configure the /etc/sudoers file. There is a special command for editing the sudoers file and it's the visudo command. This command should be used at all times when editing the sudoers file instead of a text editor.
The sudoers file contains command aliases for different command sets. For example the alias for networking is
Cmnd_Alias NETWORKING = /sbin/route, /sbin/ifconfig, /bin/ping, /sbin/dhclient, /usr/bin/net, /sbin/iptables, /usr/bin/rfcomm, /usr/bin/wvdial, /sbin/iwconfig, /sbin/mii-tool
So let's say we created a group called networkadmin and want the group to be responsible for networking we can put the entree %networkadmin ALL = NETWORKING
By default the wheel group has all the access to the commands
%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
If we want to assign all the commands to an individual we can do the same thing
jason ALL = (ALL) ALL
What we can do is give jason access to all the commands because he is the tech lead, but only give the developers commands for SOFTWARE, and SERVICES
Cmnd_Alias SOFTWARE = /bin/rpm, /usr/bin/up2date, /usr/bin/yum
Cmnd_Alias SERVICES = /sbin/service, /sbin/chkconfig
We could breakup the users into User_Alias which is a group that exists in the sudoers file, that we can mix and match users into these aliases.
For example let's we have four developers dora, john, todd, jason. Two of them are junior developers and the other two are senior developers.
We could create a user alias of JUNIORDEV and SENIORDEV, here is how it would look
User_Alias JUNIORDEV = todd, john
User_Alias SENIORDEV = jason, dora
Now we can assign the User_Alias to the Cmnd_Alias
JUNIORDEV ALL=SOFTWARE
SENIORDEV ALL=SOFTWARE,SERVICES
As you can see the junior developers only have access to the commands that are in the software command alias, while the senior developers have access to both the SOFTWARE and SERVICES
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For example something like this sudo yum update unlike the su command which prompts you for the root password. The sudo command prompts you for the password of the logged in user.
In order for the sudo to work we have to configure the /etc/sudoers file. There is a special command for editing the sudoers file and it's the visudo command. This command should be used at all times when editing the sudoers file instead of a text editor.
The sudoers file contains command aliases for different command sets. For example the alias for networking is
Cmnd_Alias NETWORKING = /sbin/route, /sbin/ifconfig, /bin/ping, /sbin/dhclient, /usr/bin/net, /sbin/iptables, /usr/bin/rfcomm, /usr/bin/wvdial, /sbin/iwconfig, /sbin/mii-tool
So let's say we created a group called networkadmin and want the group to be responsible for networking we can put the entree %networkadmin ALL = NETWORKING
By default the wheel group has all the access to the commands
%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
If we want to assign all the commands to an individual we can do the same thing
jason ALL = (ALL) ALL
What we can do is give jason access to all the commands because he is the tech lead, but only give the developers commands for SOFTWARE, and SERVICES
Cmnd_Alias SOFTWARE = /bin/rpm, /usr/bin/up2date, /usr/bin/yum
Cmnd_Alias SERVICES = /sbin/service, /sbin/chkconfig
We could breakup the users into User_Alias which is a group that exists in the sudoers file, that we can mix and match users into these aliases.
For example let's we have four developers dora, john, todd, jason. Two of them are junior developers and the other two are senior developers.
We could create a user alias of JUNIORDEV and SENIORDEV, here is how it would look
User_Alias JUNIORDEV = todd, john
User_Alias SENIORDEV = jason, dora
Now we can assign the User_Alias to the Cmnd_Alias
JUNIORDEV ALL=SOFTWARE
SENIORDEV ALL=SOFTWARE,SERVICES
Similar Posts:
- Linux CentOS In-Depth: Adding A New User With useradd and usermod Command
- Linux: Switching To root User With The sudo Command On Ubuntu Server
- Linux: Find Out Which Shell You Are Using
- Linux CentOS In-Depth: Creating and Adding Users to The developers Group
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